一些磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂性能的研究

合成了一些磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂烷基亚磷酸酯胺盐和氮杂环胺盐，并对其油溶性和润滑性等进行了试验研究。结果表明，磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂的化学结构对其油溶性和极压抗磨性都有较大的影响：烷基链增长有助于油溶性的改善，氮杂环胺盐的油溶性更好；伯胺盐的抗磨性比仲胺盐和叔胺盐的都好，氮杂环胺盐的抗磨性更好；磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂的减摩性明显比硫化烯烃、烷基亚磷酸酯和苯三唑十八胺的都好，有的在２５０℃时的摩擦系数仅约为０．０４．Ｘ射线光电子能谱和俄歇电子能谱分析发现，磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂在摩擦表面形成了一种含氮富磷的化学反应膜。其中，元素磷是以磷酸铁的化合态形式存在，而元素氮则是以其原有的价态形式存在，这表明氮参与了整个摩擦过程。在试验研究和分析讨论的基础上，通过综合归纳还提出了磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂的作用机理模式图。     

LY12铝疲劳裂纹在冲击载荷下的演化研究

对LY12铝合金在低周疲劳条件下的裂纹情况和随后进行的动态拉伸条件下裂纹的发展给予了观察和统计分析，发现裂纹的累积数密度分布在损伤演化过程中保持指数形式，用NAG模型对实验结果进行分析，得出该材料裂纹演化发展方程的各种参数。     

一种铈（Ⅲ）配合物对含石墨粘结涂层耐蚀性的影响

为了改善含石墨粘结涂层的耐蚀性，首先对这种涂层在腐蚀环境中耐蚀性差的原因进行了分析，然后将二正丁基磷酸、ＣｅＦ＿３、Ｓｂ＿２Ｏ＿３和一种Ｃｅ（Ⅲ）配合物Ｃｅ（ＮＯ＿３）（Ｃ＿８Ｈ＿（１８）ＰＯ＿４）＿２分别添加于酚醛环氧－ＭｏＳ＿２－石墨粘结涂层中，考察了它们对这种涂层耐蚀性的影响，并对含Ｃｅ（ＮＯ＿３）（Ｃ＿８Ｈ＿（１８）ＰＯ＿４）＿２的涂层和空白样涂层进行了表面分析。盐雾试验表明，添加Ｃｅ（ＮＯ＿３）（Ｃ＿８Ｈ＿（１８）ＰＯ＿４）＿２可以有效地抑制涂层中ＭｏＳ＿２的氧化和由石墨所引起的金属底材之电化学腐蚀；根据Ｘ射线光电子能谱分析结果可知，添加Ｃｅ（ＮＯ＿３）（Ｃ＿８Ｈ＿（１８）ＰＯ＿４）＿２之所以能够提高含石墨粘结涂层的耐蚀性，应当归因于它在ＭｏＳ＿２晶体表面和金属底材表面的吸附。因此，Ｃｅ（Ⅲ）配合物Ｃｅ（ＮＯ＿３）（Ｃ＿８Ｈ＿（１８）ＰＯ＿４）＿２是含石墨粘结涂层的一种实用性能良好的新型防腐添加剂。     

填充聚四氟乙烯对尼龙6摩擦磨损性能影响的研究

用Timken试验机考察了热压成形的PTFE填充尼龙6在干摩擦状态下的摩擦磨损性能及PTFE填充量、滑动速度和负荷对摩擦磨损的影响,并用X-光电子能谱仪(XPS)和电子探针(EPMA)研究了金属偶件摩擦表面转移膜的组成与形貌。结果表明,在给定的试验条件下,填充PTFE能够有效地改善尼龙6的摩擦磨损性能,PTFE的填充量在8～20％(vol)之间时的效果较好,8％PTFE填充尼龙6的PV值可比纯尼龙6的高1倍;填充PTFE的效用主要取决于转移膜的特性和PTFE在转移膜中的富集量。     

Topography guiding the accelerated and persistently directional cell migration induced by vaccinia virus

The rapid transmission of vaccinia virus(VACV)in vivo is thought to be closely related to the cell migration induced by it.Cell migration involved in dynamic changes of cell-substrate adhesion and actin cytoskeleton organization,which can influence by the micro/nano-scale topographic structures that cells are naturally exposed to via contact guidance.However,migration behaviors of VACV-infected cells exposed to topographic cues are still unknown.Herein,we designed an open chip with microgrooved poly(dimethyl siloxane)(PDMS)substrate to explore the topography roles in VACV-induced cell migration.Differed from the random cell migration observed in traditional scratch assay on planar substrate,VACV-infected cells had a tendency to persistently migrate along the axis parallel to microgroove with increased velocity.Moreover,infected cells exhibited a dominant elongated protrusion aligned to the micro-grating axis compare to the shorter lamella extended in any direction on smooth substrate.Interestingly,the Golgi complex preferred to relocate behind the nucleus confined within the micro-grating axis in majority of infected migratory cells.The directional polarization of cells embodied in protrusion formation and Golgi reorientation was responsible for the directionally persistent migration behaviors induced by VACV on microgrooved substrate.Infected cells response to substrate topography,causing the actin-filled stretched protrusion containing numerous virions and accelerated movement is likely to facilitate direct and rapid spread of VACV.This work opens a window for us to understand the migration behaviors of infected cells in vivo,and also provides a cue for revealing the relationship between virus-induced cell migration and virus rapid spread.     

The Active Sites of a Rod‐Shaped Hollandite DeNOx Catalyst

The identification of catalytically active sites (CASs) in heterogeneous catalysis is of vital importance to design and develop improved catalysts, but remains a great challenge. The CASs have been identified in the low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by ammonia (SCR) over a hollandite manganese oxide (HMO) catalyst with a rod‐shaped morphology and one‐dimensional tunnels. Electron microscopy and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction determine the surface and crystal structures of the one‐dimensional HMO rods closed by {100} side facets and {001} top facets. A combination of X‐ray absorption spectra, molecular probes with potassium and nitric oxide, and catalytic tests reveals that the CASs are located on the {100} side facets of the HMO rods rather than on the top facets or in the tunnels, and hence semi‐tunnel structural motifs on the {100} facets are evidenced to be the CASs of the SCR reaction. This work paves the way to further investigate the intrinsic mechanisms of SCR reactions.     

Enhancement of the electrocatalytic oxidation of dyeing wastewater (reactive brilliant blue KN-R) over the Ce-modified Ti-PbO2 electrode with surface hydrophobicity

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Rational hydrophobic anode has been considered as a promising approach for water pollution remediation. However, the construction method of the hydrophobic...     

Numerical approach for generic three-phase flow based on cut-cell and ghost fluid methods

In this paper, we introduce numerical methods that can simulate complex multiphase flows. The finite volume method, applying Cartesian cut-cell is used in the computational domain, containing fluid and solid, to conserve mass and momentum. With this method, flows in and around any geometry can be simulated without complex and time consuming meshing. For the fluid region, which involves liquid and gas, the ghost fluid method is employed to handle the stiffness of the interface discontinuity problem. The interaction between each phase is treated simply by wall function models or jump conditions of pressure, velocity and shear stress at the interface. The sharp interface method “coupled level set (LS) and volume of fluid (VOF)” is used to represent the interface between the two fluid phases. This approach will combine some advantages of both interface tracking/capturing methods, such as the excellent mass conservation from the VOF method and good accuracy of interface normal computation from the LS function. The first coupled LS and VOF will be generated to reconstruct the interface between solid and the other materials. The second will represent the interface between liquid and gas.